La determinación del flujo sanguíneo complementa a la de la presión en la descripción de la  hemodinamia cardiovascular en la salud y en la enfermedad.

En 1842 un físico francés, Poiseuille derivó empíricamente, una serie de ecuaciones describiendo  el flujo de un líquido a través de tubos cilíndricos. La resistencia hidráulica (R) es definida por  analogía con la ley de Ohm (de resistencias eléctricas), como la relación entre la diferencia de  presión (P) y el flujo (Q) a través del circuito vascular de acuerdo a la siguiente fórmula:

https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e609ec_2741d2049e3f4a8685187abdb7529478~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_596,h_97,al_c,lg_1,q_85,enc_avif,quality_auto/e609ec_2741d2049e3f4a8685187abdb7529478~mv2.png

Según la ley de Poiseuille, los cambios en la resistencia vascular pulmonar o sistémica pueden  teóricamente resultar de uno de los tres mecanismos; ya que los cambios en la longitud de los  lechos vasculares son raros después del desarrollo, los cambios en la resistencia vascular reflejan  o bien una alteración en la viscosidad de la sangre o bien un cambio en el área de corte seccional  (radio) del lecho vascular.

El volumen por minuto (o gasto cardiaco) es la medición del flujo sanguíneo realizada más  frecuentemente, ya que es un parámetro útil en la evaluación global de la función cardiovascular  y también es esencial para el cálculo de las resistencias vasculares, áreas de orificios valvulares y  fracciones de regurgitación. El gasto cardiaco representa la cantidad de sangre que bombea el  corazón en un minuto, si se corrige este valor de acuerdo a la superficie corporal del paciente se  obtiene entonces lo que se llama el índice cardiaco. Según el método de Fick en donde se usa el  oxígeno como marcador, el gasto cardiaco (GC) se obtiene por la fórmula:

https://static.wixstatic.com/media/e609ec_eb8af03f2660489d8fc7368db40310ef~mv2.png/v1/fill/w_435,h_100,al_c,lg_1,q_85,enc_avif,quality_auto/e609ec_eb8af03f2660489d8fc7368db40310ef~mv2.png

Si bien puede obtenerse mediante la obtención de una muestra arterial (aorta / ventrículo  izquierdo) y venosa (arteria pulmonar) para el cálculo de la saturación de oxígeno, el gasto  cardiaco se puede determinar por termodilución, en donde el marcador es la diferencia de  temperatura registrada en un termistor ubicado en la punta de un catéter de flotación (Swan  Ganz).

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